What About Human Responsibility?

Jesus has so far affirmed Pharisee soteriology. God first loves an individual. In response to God’s love, the individual cares to keep God’s Law. If a person keeps God’s Law, that person is righteous. God’s love is what brought the person into righteousness (i.e. saved the person). When the person kept the Law, that was... Continue Reading →

Jesus as Prophet and The Personal Salvation Debate Among Jews in the First Century

In these notes, I first show the point of John 3:1-2 by offering a biblical apologetic for Jesus as having the authority of a prophet to reveal new revelation. Then, I explore the theological environment of First Century Judea in order to provide historical context for Jesus's conversation with Nicodemus. It is no surprise that... Continue Reading →

On Salvation and Reprobation

From the debates between Paul and the Gnostics through the ancient dialogue between Augustine and Pelagius to the exchanges between Luther and Erasmus or Calvin’s disciples and those of Arminius to the more modern upheaval between the New Calvinists and Free Willists, the doctrine of election has dominated Christian discussion. Election is the doctrine that... Continue Reading →

Unspiritual Spiritual Gifts- Exodus 31:1-11

After God instructed Israel to craft all of the specialty, custom items for the tent of meeting, He reveals that He has gifted certain individuals by His Spirit for the purpose of crafting these pieces artistically. God takes the credit for gifting His people for craftsmanship according to His own plans for the production of... Continue Reading →

The Sacrificial System- Exodus 29:10-30

Today, we think of animal sacrifices as somewhat barbaric, but they were meant to depict the unrighteousness of people and remind us of God’s sacrifice in Genesis 3—when He covered the shame of Adam and Eve and promised that Eve’s descendants would receive life even though all people earned death by sinning in the way... Continue Reading →

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